Numerical Simulation of Flow Past a Prolate Spheroid

The prolate spheroid is geometrically very simple but the flow characteristics are complex which are dominated by transition and three-dimensional separation phenomenon having both primary and secondary vortex. The transition phenomenon in this flow is triggered due to the stream wise Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) wake instability and cross flow instability, which makes the prediction more challenging due to lack of effective predictive tool to model transition. The present work aims at simulating numerically the three-dimensional turbulent flow past 6:1 prolate spheroid at Re=4.2 x 106 using RANS approach for which experimental data are available in literature. These simulations have been carried out using parallel version of the in-house multiblock structured incompressible flow solution code 3D-PURLES (3D Pressure based Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier Stokes and LES solver)

The Inability Of The Network To Restrict Node Jamming Across The Path Ability Fron End To End

The right approach is to add a complete routing path to each packet. The problem with this approach is that its message may be large for packets with long routing routes. A multidimensional and diagnostic approach by routing each packet can provide effective control and protocol optimization for deployed WSNs with a large number of uncontrolled sensor nodes. Path includes a new design of lightweight hash functions for checking bad roads. To improve application features and performance, iPath includes a fast-loading algorithm to restore the original tracks. For iterative growth to be effective and efficient, two problems need to be addressed. The hash function should be easy and efficient, since the resource should be launched on the limited nodes of the sensor. A multidimensional and diagnostic approach by routing each packet can provide effective control and protocol optimization for deployed WSNs with a large number of uncontrolled sensor nodes. We also introduce iPath and evaluate performance with large-scale WSN deployments and extensive modeling. The results show that iPath achieves higher recovery rates with different network settings compared to other modern approaches. Compared to Path Zip, iPath uses a high degree of similarity between multiple packages for faster results and scales better

Rapid identification and susceptibility pattern of various Candida isolates from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Candida species are component of normal flora of human beings. Candidiasis is the commonest fungal disease affecting mucosa, skin, nails and internal organs. A variety of predisposing factors are known to cause candidiasis either by altering balance of normal microbial flora of the body or by lowering the host defence.Methods: A total of 90 specimens submitted in the department of microbiology were included in this study.  Identification of Candida species as well as antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek®2 compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast like organisms (ID-YST cards). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek2 fungal susceptibility card (AST YS01) kits respectively.Results: The distribution of the clinical samples were urine 53 (58.9%), sputum 14 (15.5%), blood 10 (11.1%), nail 6 (6.7%) and high vaginal swab 7 (7.8%). Among 90 clinical isolates, species obtained were C. tropicalis 53 (59%), C. albicans 23 (25.5%), C. glabrata 6 (6.7%), C. parapsilosis 4 (4.4%), C. krusei 2 (2.2%), C. pelliculosa 1 (1.1%), C. famata 1 (1.1%).Conclusions: Infections caused by non-candida albicans species have increased. Identification of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility are important for the treatment of hospitalized patients with serious underlying disease

Comparison of BACTEC MGIT with conventional methods for detection of Mycobacteria in clinically suspected patients of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Tuberculosis is an important public health problem in India and globally.  Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes for approximately 15 to 20 per cent of all cases of tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients and accounts for more than 50 per cent of the cases in HIV- positive individuals. Main problem with the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is the paucibacillary nature of the specimen, which makes the diagnosis difficult and delay the treatment. With this in background, this study aimed at the isolation of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens of patients suspected of extra pulmonary tuberculosis using BACTEC MGIT, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media and direct acid-fast bacilli smear examination.Methods: A total of 66 samples were processed for direct AFB smear examination, and culture on MGIT and LJ media. Acid fast staining of the specimens was done using the Ziehl-Neelsen method.Results: Among 66 specimens, MGIT gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (46.9%), lower contamination rate (3%) and shorter time to positive culture as compared to LJ media.Conclusions: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results

Design and synthesis of new quinoline hybrid derivatives and their antimicrobial, antimalarial and antitubercular activities

986-998All the molecules have been designed on the basis of previously reported active pharmacophores via molecular hybridization. A convenient protocol for the preparation of N-((2-(piperazin-1-yl) quinolin-3-yl)methyl)aniline derivatives via mutli-step synthesis has been described. Spectral analysis using Mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectral techniques have been studied in order to confirm the structure of synthesized end molecules. All synthesized compounds have been screened for in vitro antimicrobial, antimalarial and antitubercular activities. Structural activity relationship study (SAR) have also been discussed. Interestingly, target molecules are found to show good to excellent antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial potency

Unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, India: A qualitative exploration

As part of a Population Council program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, the Council and Ibtada conducted a qualitative exploration of attitudes and behaviors regarding unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Alwar district. The study was intended to lay the groundwork for two quantitative studies on abortion undertaken subsequently in six districts of Rajasthan. The qualitative exploration shows that women, particularly those who are poor, turn to largely untrained community-level providers for abortion services. Additionally, women use home remedies in an often unsuccessful attempt to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Women with greater financial means obtain surgical services from a private gynecologist. The remaining women are left with little choice but to avail of services from informal providers that they often recognize to be unsafe and/or to carry unwanted pregnancies to term. This report encourages innovative means to improve access to legal, safe, and effective abortion services at lower levels of the public health system, and suggests that the feasibility of training certain informal providers to offer safe abortion services, particularly at early gestations, should be explored at the policy, program, and research levels

Effects of glenohumeral corticosteroid injection on stiffness following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective, multicentric, case-control study with 18-month follow-up

Background This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of single-dose corticosteroid injection (CSI) administered at 6 weeks postoperative to treat stiffness following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods In this prospective, multicentric, case-control study, post-ARCR stiffness at 6 weeks was treated with either a single dose of intra-articular CSI (CSI group) or physical therapy with oral analgesics (non-CSI group). Pain intensity according to visual analog scale (VAS), functional outcome using the Constant Murley Shoulder Score, time to return to activities of daily living (ADLs), and retear rate were recorded at 6 weeks, 9 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months postoperatively in both groups. Results A total of 149 patients (54.5%) in the CSI group and 124 patients (45.5%) in the non-CSI group were included in this study. Pain and function were significantly better in the CSI group at 9-week, 12-week, and 6-month (P<0.001) follow-up, whereas they were not significantly different when the groups were compared at 12- and 18-month follow-up. The mean duration to return to ADLs was significantly shorter (P<0.001) in the CSI group. The incidence of retears was not significantly different (P=0.36) between groups at the end of 18 months of follow-up. Conclusions Single-dose intra-articular CSI administered at 6 weeks postoperative to treat post-ARCR stiffness significantly improved pain, function, and duration of return to ADLs without increasing the risk of retears compared to patients who did not receive intra-articular CSI. Level of evidence III

Control and enhancement of the oxygen storage capacity of ceria films by variation of the deposition gas atmosphere during pulsed D.C. magnetron sputtering

In this study, nanostructured ceria (CeO2) films are deposited on Si(100) and ITO coated glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering using a CeO2 target. The influence on the films of using various gas ambients, such as a high purity Ar and a gas mixture of high purity Ar and O2, in the sputtering chamber during deposition are studied. The film compositions are studied using XPS and SIMS. These spectra show a phase transition from cubic CeO2 to hexagonal Ce2O3 due to the sputtering process. This is related to the transformation of Ce4+ to Ce3+ and indicates a chemically reduced state of CeO2 due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. TGA and electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies show that films deposited in an Ar atmosphere have a higher oxygen storage capacity (OSC) compared to films deposited in the presence of O2. CV results specifically show a linear variation with scan rate of the anodic peak currents for both films and the double layer capacitance values for films deposited in Ar/O2 mixed and Ar atmosphere are (1.6 ± 0.2) x 10-4 F and (4.3 ± 0.5) x 10-4 F, respectively. Also, TGA data shows that Ar sputtered samples have a tendency to greater oxygen losses upon reduction compared to the films sputtered in an Ar/O2 mixed atmosphere

Numerical Analysis of Transitional Flow Past Flat Plate

Prediction of flow transition plays an important role in the design and performance of aerospace devices and turbomachinery applications. The correlation based transition modeling is one of the commonly used approaches to predict transition, as these can be easily adapted into any general CFD code. In the present study, Abu-Ghannam and Shaw (AGS) empirical correlation based transition model available in the literature, have been successfully implemented in the in-house code 3D-PURLES. The AGS correlation based transition model coupled to turbulence models available in 3D-PURLES have been validated for flat plate with zero, adverse and favourable pressure gradients